IN a landmark summit in Rome, over 20 African leaders are convening to witness the unveiling of the Mattei Plan by Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni. The strategic initiative, named after Enrico Mattei, founder of Italian energy giant Eni, is poised to redefine Italy’s relations with the African continent and tackle immigration concerns.
During a press conference earlier this month, Prime Minister Meloni expressed the philosophy behind the Mattei Plan, stating, ‘What needs to be done in Africa is to build cooperation and serious strategic relationships as equals, not predators. What needs to be done in Africa is to defend the right not to have to emigrate… and this is done with investments and a strategy.’ Meloni has consistently emphasised that Africa would be a top priority for Italy during its current presidency of the Group of Seven.
The summit, commencing with a dinner on Sunday, is expected to culminate in an official gathering on Monday, where Meloni will present Italy as a natural bridge connecting Africa and Europe. While the details of the Mattei Plan have been kept under wraps, Italy has indicated its desire to serve as a transit hub for African energy and stimulate investment to curb illegal immigration across the Mediterranean.
On Monday, Meloni is expected to outline a series of projects covering health, education, infrastructure, agriculture, with a focal point on energy. ‘What needs to be done in Africa is to defend the right not to have to emigrate… and this is done with investments and a strategy,’ reiterated the Prime Minister, underlining the importance of the comprehensive approach envisioned in the Mattei Plan.
However, Italy’s financial challenges pose a hurdle, and Arturo Varvelli, director of the Rome office of the European Council on Foreign Relations think-tank, cautioned, ‘It would be foolish to think you can compete with China, the United Arab Emirates, or even Turkey.’ He suggested that any Italian initiative should align with existing European Union initiatives.
Addressing Italy’s reliance on EU support, the presidents of the European Commission, Council, and parliament are expected to attend the summit, emphasising the collaborative nature of Italy’s diplomatic endeavours.
Prime Minister Meloni is also relying on the corporate sector for support, with state-controlled Eni expected to play a significant role. Reflecting on Eni’s historical role in Africa, Meloni highlighted the company as a friendly alternative to US and French oil majors.
The Mattei Plan envisions Rome as an energy gateway, taking advantage of Russia’s exclusion from the European energy market. Climate change experts, however, question the emphasis on gas infrastructure over renewable energy. Climate think-tank Ecco recommended focusing on renewables, citing Africa’s vast potential for solar electricity production.
While Meloni is not the first Italian leader to seek improved ties with Africa, her emphasis on economic cooperation reflects a proactive approach to addressing migration concerns. Since taking office in 2022, Meloni has prioritised the region, aiming to work in Africa to block migrant departures from the continent.
The success of the Mattei Plan hinges on its ability to navigate economic challenges, align with broader European initiatives, and fulfil the vision of cooperation and investment Meloni has outlined. As the summit progresses, the world watches eagerly to see the impact of this strategic initiative on Italy’s relations with Africa and the broader geopolitical landscape.