COTE D’IVOIRE voters will decide this month whether to soften a nationality clause that helped trigger a decade-long political crisis, a draft of a new constitution showed early this month.
President Alassane Ouattara promised during his campaign for re-election last year to change the language of an article in the constitution which states the parents of presidential candidates must both be natural-born Ivorians.
Ivorian nationality was at the heart of a crisis that began with a 1999 coup and included a 2002-2003 civil war that split the country in two for eight years.
The proposed revision to the constitution means only one parent must now be ‘Ivorian by origin’, a term that excludes naturalised citizens.
Cote d’Ivoire has long attracted immigrants from neighbouring countries, and the clause became a symbol of exclusion, particularly of northerners whose family ties often straddle regional borders.
Ouattara, a northerner, was repeatedly barred from seeking the presidency because of what opponents said were his foreign origins.
He finally won election in 2010, although his victory sparked a second brief war that killed more than 3,000 people.
The new constitution, which will go to a public referendum on October 30, also removes an age limit of 75 for presidential candidates.
All three of the country’s main political figures – Ouattara and former presidents Laurent Gbagbo and Henri Konan Bedie – will be over 75 in 2020, when the next elections are due.
New language also makes it easier to change the constitution.
It lowers the number of votes required for revisions submitted directly for approval by parliament to two-thirds of MPs from four-fifths and removes a clause requiring a public referendum for any changes to presidential mandates.
Other major changes include creating a post of vice-president and a Senate.
Currently, the speaker of parliament is second in line to the president, but the constitution states that new elections must be organised within 90 days, a time frame critics say is unworkable.
Under the new charter, the vice-president would finish the mandate if the president died or was incapacitated while in office.
The creation of the Senate, which together with the existing National Assembly will make up a two-chamber Congress, marks an expansion of the president’s influence over the legislative branch of government.
A third of senators will be appointed by the president. The remaining two thirds will be chosen in an indirect election process, details of which must be worked out in a separate law.
Opposition parties have criticised the drafting process for the new constitution, claiming it lacked transparency. They had called a sit-in in front of parliament on October 5, when Ouattara would put the changes to lawmakers, but municipal authorities said the demonstration was not authorised.
